Byene hvor inntektene er mest likeverdige

Hvordan ser et Amerika med inntektslikning ut? Kanskje litt som Romeoville, Illinois eller Spring Hill, Tennessee. Når det gjelder inntektsfordeling, er disse stedene blant de mest like i landet, ifølge en Investmentmatome-studie.

Selvfølgelig eksisterer ulikheten mellom inntektene fortsatt blant husholdninger i disse samfunnene, men ulikheten mellom de rike og de fattige er mye mindre enn andre steder i USA, hvor gapet har økt.

I 2007 hadde gjennomsnittlig husstand i topp 5% en inntekt 26 ganger høyere enn gjennomsnittlig husstand i bunnen 20%, og i 2013 hadde forskjellen økt til nesten 30 ganger, ifølge data fra US Census Bureaus amerikanske fellesskap Undersøkelse.

Måle ulikhet

Økonomisk ulikhet kan måles på mange måter, for eksempel gjennom fordeling av rikdom eller forbruk. For denne studien har vi valgt å fokusere på fordelingen av husstandsinntekt i over 1500 amerikanske byer. For å bestemme hvor den største inntektspariteten og den største ulikheten eksisterte, brukte vi Gini-indeksen, som også kalles Gini-koeffisienten. Denne indeksen måler i hvilken grad inntektsfordelingen er forskjellig fra perfekt likestilling.

Hva tallene betyr

En Gini-indeks på null, som indikerer perfekt likestilling, ville bety at alle husholdninger i USA hadde samme inntekt. På den motsatte enden av spekteret ville en indeks på 100 bety at en eneste husstand mottok hele inntektene i landet. Gini-indeksen for USA er 48 før de omfordelende virkningene av skatter og overføringer, som for eksempel sosial sikkerhet og velferd. Amerikanske byer spenner over et bredt spekter på indeksen - fra 27 til 63.

Denne relative måten på inntektsfordeling forteller imidlertid ikke hele historien. Gini-indeksen kan i seg selv indikere en bys likestilling, men ikke samfunnets økonomiske helse. For å få en følelse av det bildet, kan indeksen parres med en bys medianinntektsdata.

Nedenfor er de amerikanske byene som er mest og minst likeverdige i inntekt. Vi har tatt med data om medianinntektene for de 20% og de nederste 20% av husholdningene i hver by for å presentere et estimat på det absolutte verdiskapet i hvert område.

Av tallene

59: Gini-indeksen for Harrison, New York, som er blant de høyeste i USA, og indikerer at de økonomiske forskjellene mellom rike og fattige beboere er noen av de største.

$936,926: Forskjellen i Newport Beach, California, mellom gjennomsnittlig inntekt for bunnen 20% av husholdningene og topp 5%.

$108,032: Forskjellen, en av de minste i landet, i Romeoville, Illinois, mellom gjennomsnittlig inntekt for de nederste 20% av husholdningene og topp 20%.

31 ganger: Forskjellen i New Orleans, Louisiana, mellom gjennomsnittlig inntekt på topp 20% og bunn 20% av husholdningene.

Amerikas mest like byer etter inntekt

Rang	By og stat	Gini indeks	Betyr husholdningen Inntekt for bunn 20%	Betyr husholdningen inntekt for midten av 20%	Gjennomsnittlig husstandsinntekt for topp 20%	Median husstandsinntekt
1	Romeoville, Illinois	30.36	$24,315	$67,645	$132,347	$66,034
2	Spring Hill, Tennessee	30.96	$26,735	$74,214	$157,191	$75,390
3	Oswego, Illinois	31.69	$30,326	$92,716	$191,082	$92,142
4	Kyle, Texas	32.12	$23,274	$75,966	$151,363	$76,141
5	Wylie, Texas	32.43	$27,443	$82,046	$170,856	$82,036
6	Riverton, Utah	32.54	$31,771	$84,042	$190,321	$82,373
7	Andover, Minnesota	32.65	$30,091	$92,015	$188,847	$92,399
8	Cottage Grove, Minnesota	32.67	$27,358	$79,672	$172,203	$79,137
9	West Jordan, Utah	32.8	$21,750	$66,668	$141,025	$66,263
10	South Jordan, Utah	32.96	$32,932	$87,577	$199,260	$86,775
11	Uavhengighet, Kentucky	33.01	$18,155	$65,413	$133,275	$64,297
12	Plainfield, Illinois	33.08	$36,265	$107,304	$228,633	$107,932
13	Roy, Utah	33.18	$18,860	$59,779	$126,575	$59,468
14	Horn Lake, Mississippi	33.59	$14,756	$47,200	$100,597	$46,935
15	Little Elm, Texas	33.61	$25,371	$78,936	$168,719	$77,612
16	Derby, Kansas	33.62	$20,758	$64,844	$142,393	$65,412
17	Maricopa, Arizona	33.64	$23,831	$66,029	$150,381	$64,705
18	Ramsey, Minnesota	33.74	$30,860	$83,443	$191,655	$82,099
19	La Vergne, Tennessee	33.77	$21,755	$54,987	$132,820	$53,498
20	Ny Lenox, Illinois	33.78	$27,914	$90,567	$192,568	$90,950
21	Korint, Texas	33.84	$26,634	$90,093	$193,627	$88,713
22	Syracuse, Utah	33.85	$30,813	$84,617	$194,438	$83,963
23	Flower Mound, Texas	34.15	$41,879	$121,737	$280,414	$121,605
24	Spansk Fork, Utah	34.16	$20,809	$61,258	$138,464	$62,073
25	Rosemount, Minnesota	34.27	$27,864	$90,630	$197,690	$90,012
26	South Elgin, Illinois	34.45	$24,609	$82,677	$177,675	$81,566
27	Apex, North Carolina	34.63	$27,594	$91,980	$199,557	$89,269
28	Champlin, Minnesota	34.71	$27,639	$81,569	$187,463	$82,270
29	Rowlett, Texas	34.73	$25,143	$83,074	$184,714	$83,002
30	Homer Glen, Illinois	34.77	$27,417	$92,148	$206,443	$92,841
31	Watauga, Texas	34.92	$16,601	$61,217	$134,471	$60,138
31	Lake i åsene, Illinois	34.92	$25,289	$83,836	$188,002	$82,987
33	La Puente, California	35.24	$17,654	$54,656	$127,825	$54,510
34	Bowie, Maryland	35.31	$31,217	$103,878	$235,727	$103,618
34	Lehi, Utah	35.31	$26,478	$74,949	$181,527	$74,566
36	Elk River, Minnesota	35.39	$23,080	$75,747	$170,762	$73,586
37	O'Fallon, Missouri	35.52	$22,735	$76,263	$173,021	$76,691
38	Parker, Colorado	35.54	$26,964	$95,328	$215,081	$96,429
38	Overraskelse, Arizona	35.54	$16,792	$57,024	$131,680	$56,741
40	Bartlett, Illinois	35.78	$27,126	$96,839	$217,977	$97,590
41	Bartlett, Tennessee	35.84	$27,070	$78,413	$191,021	$79,116
42	St. Peters, Missouri	35.94	$20,912	$68,576	$160,988	$68,329
43	Moorpark, California	35.96	$29,300	$100,975	$237,894	$100,477
44	Mount Juliet, Tennessee	36.04	$19,433	$69,121	$159,724	$68,986
44	North Ridgeville, Ohio	36.04	$19,764	$65,274	$152,610	$65,255
46	Ankeny, Iowa	36.06	$18,834	$72,236	$163,028	$71,469
46	Wentzville, Missouri	36.06	$23,238	$70,779	$176,097	$68,765
48	Oviedo, Florida	36.07	$22,638	$82,221	$189,178	$82,143
48	Pelham, Alabama	36.07	$21,129	$68,651	$161,315	$68,347
50	Villa Park, Illinois	36.08	$18,461	$72,735	$159,942	$72,831

Amerikas minst like byer etter inntekt

Rang	By og stat	Gini indeks	Gjennomsnittlig husstandsinntekt for bunn 20%	Gjennomsnittlig husstandsinntekt for midten 20%	Gjennomsnittlig husstandsinntekt for topp 20%	Median husstandsinntekt
1	Cookeville, Tennessee	63.48	$2,666	$27,389	$176,180	$27,090
1	Beverly Hills, California	63.48	$14,055	$91,971	$662,761	$89,225
3	Miami Beach, Florida	61.07	$8,840	$42,209	$276,750	$42,295
4	East Lansing, Michigan	60.78	$4,178	$32,919	$202,562	$32,644
4	Napoli, Florida	60.78	$13,217	$79,251	$499,784	$77,294
6	Athens, Ohio	60.74	$2,520	$17,566	$123,872	$17,774
7	Carbondale, Illinois	59.95	$1,483	$17,801	$111,250	$17,236
8	Blacksburg, Virginia	59.69	$2,889	$31,627	$179,237	$30,883
9	Ithaca, New York	59.31	$600	$28,179	$144,947	$28,208
10	Harrison, New York	58.62	$21,857	$108,302	$632,220	$104,340
10	State College, Pennsylvania	58.62	$2,451	$27,146	$141,020	$26,529
12	Atlanta, Georgia	58.59	$6,865	$47,022	$254,085	$46,783
13	Monroe, Louisiana	58.23	$5,863	$27,247	$161,512	$26,630
14	West Lafayette, Indiana	57.34	$3,437	$29,875	$154,217	$29,901
14	Bloomington, Indiana	57.34	$3,009	$28,232	$142,916	$27,393
16	Sandy Springs, Georgia	57.13	$12,634	$61,267	$347,238	$60,777
17	Harvey, Illinois	56.91	$669	$19,500	$91,816	$19,531
18	Hattiesburg, Mississippi	56.89	$4,926	$26,432	$136,075	$25,991
19	Winter Park, Florida	56.79	$13,274	$60,685	$340,382	$60,434
20	College Station, Texas	56.4	$3,763	$31,476	$159,595	$30,947
21	Statesboro, Georgia	56.36	$2,309	$21,681	$98,797	$21,375
22	New Orleans, Louisiana	56.24	$5,784	$36,099	$177,840	$35,837
23	Miami, Florida	56.11	$6,218	$30,223	$155,335	$30,126
24	Urbana, Illinois	56.07	$3,214	$28,628	$137,229	$28,085
25	Oxford, Ohio	55.55	$3,001	$33,478	$154,086	$34,159
26	Cincinnati, Ohio	55.22	$4,943	$32,733	$151,700	$32,316
27	Chapel Hill, North Carolina	55.09	$7,635	$65,732	$298,119	$63,757
28	Greenville, South Carolina	55.05	$7,018	$39,860	$192,954	$39,591
29	Galveston, Texas	55.04	$6,352	$38,690	$176,812	$38,218
30	Coral Gables, Florida	54.84	$15,456	$91,511	$422,713	$91,019
31	Ruston, Louisiana	54.83	$2,017	$26,328	$115,477	$25,315
32	Newport Beach, California	54.81	$18,018	$107,755	$504,144	$107,257
32	Summit, New Jersey	54.81	$27,126	$117,674	$605,420	$115,184
34	Berkeley, California	54.69	$6,918	$62,951	$272,963	$62,761
35	Bonita Springs, Florida	54.64	$12,857	$51,286	$256,573	$51,009
36	Athens-Clarke County, Georgia	54.6	$3,726	$32,010	$139,988	$31,884
37	Texarkana, Texas	54.51	$7,669	$38,530	$170,701	$38,826
38	Providence, Rhode Island	54.48	$6,176	$36,878	$165,352	$36,700
39	Atlantic City, New Jersey	54.42	$5,636	$26,813	$124,957	$26,511
40	New York City, New York	54.38	$9,119	$51,828	$233,613	$51,526
41	Starkville, Mississippi	54.27	$4,175	$29,563	$134,256	$30,220
42	Lake Oswego, Oregon	54.22	$16,876	$79,280	$377,492	$78,555
43	Dallas, Texas	54.19	$9,237	$42,537	$202,654	$42,026
44	Auburn, Alabama	54.17	$4,301	$39,613	$168,316	$39,378
45	Kent, Ohio	54.03	$5,123	$34,262	$151,147	$33,280
46	Tampa, Florida	54.02	$8,450	$42,259	$196,934	$41,927
47	Vest-Hollywood, California	54	$9,444	$54,428	$244,730	$52,829
48	Statesville, North Carolina	53.97	$7,302	$31,845	$148,760	$31,546
49	Myrtle Beach, South Carolina	53.96	$9,627	$35,965	$177,810	$34,621
50	Fayetteville, Arkansas	53.81	$5,261	$37,285	$165,035	$36,619

Byer der ulikheten i inntektene gikk ned mest fra 2007 til 2013

Rang	By og stat	Gini indeks i 2007	Gjennomsnittlig husstandsinntekt for bunn 20% i 2007	Gjennomsnittlig husstandsinntekt for midten av 20% i 2007	Gjennomsnittlig husstandsinntekt for topp 20% i 2007	Median husholdning inntekt i 2007	Gini indeks i 2013	Gjennomsnittlig husstandsinntekt for bunn 20% i 2013	Gjennomsnittlig husstandsinntekt for midten 20% i 2013	Gjennomsnittlig husstandsinntekt for topp 20% i 2013	Median husholdning inntekt i 2013	Reduksjon i Gini-indeksen 2007-2013
1	Laguna Hills, California	54.6	$22,039	$102,043	$487,580	$100,869	45.8	$23,145	$92,650	$311,930	$92,294	8.78
2	Tupelo, Mississippi	54.1	$8,253	$45,320	$201,640	$44,113	47.2	$9,214	$41,831	$142,068	$41,465	6.94
3	Portsmouth, Ohio	54.8	$5,236	$23,456	$116,502	$23,301	48.2	$7,436	$29,256	$109,214	$28,956	6.59
4	Sør Pasadena, California	51.7	$18,283	$86,035	$352,968	$85,878	45.3	$21,522	$81,494	$280,208	$81,398	6.4
4	Alexandria, Louisiana	56.7	$7,222	$32,762	$173,529	$32,721	50.3	$7,959	$34,338	$139,827	$34,197	6.4
6	New Braunfels, Texas	44.2	$13,799	$60,543	$182,613	$60,075	37.8	$15,876	$56,597	$138,802	$56,391	6.36
7	Sarasota, Florida	57.3	$10,792	$44,586	$246,859	$44,015	51.1	$10,402	$42,064	$177,344	$42,782	6.24
8	Fitchburg, Massachusetts	48.6	$11,029	$49,920	$172,834	$49,241	42.4	$10,024	$43,962	$124,522	$44,312	6.18
9	Ruston, Louisiana	60.9	$3,712	$29,384	$168,404	$27,808	54.8	$2,017	$26,328	$115,477	$25,315	6.07
10	Ridgecrest, California	46.0	$10,763	$56,990	$178,352	$57,209	40.0	$12,556	$58,449	$145,634	$57,708	6.05
11	Moorpark, California	41.5	$26,607	$102,920	$290,865	$101,237	36.0	$29,300	$100,975	$237,894	$100,477	5.54
11	Carteret, New Jersey	45.9	$9,494	$56,761	$176,807	$57,614	40.4	$10,961	$58,350	$139,640	$57,763	5.54
13	Duncanville, Texas	42.6	$14,835	$55,580	$166,843	$54,343	37.3	$16,817	$54,865	$139,960	$55,619	5.26
14	Tuscaloosa, Alabama	56.9	$5,083	$32,564	$164,741	$32,103	51.7	$6,842	$37,331	$151,364	$37,901	5.18
15	Aiken, South Carolina	51.8	$9,389	$54,418	$226,576	$53,934	46.7	$10,374	$52,488	$175,070	$51,627	5.1
16	Quincy, Illinois	48.0	$9,746	$39,491	$141,745	$39,517	42.9	$9,999	$39,001	$117,108	$38,805	5.06
17	Pearl, Mississippi	44.4	$10,235	$41,640	$132,038	$41,481	39.4	$13,354	$45,340	$122,814	$46,474	4.98
18	Columbus, Nebraska	42.3	$13,546	$49,915	$146,483	$50,423	37.3	$15,724	$47,877	$123,789	$47,265	4.97
19	Madera, California	45.5	$13,191	$44,846	$152,779	$45,476	40.7	$10,449	$41,130	$113,102	$40,975	4.77
20	Saratoga, California	49.6	$28,176	$156,584	$576,900	$154,223	44.9	$33,323	$175,597	$535,514	$170,373	4.73
21	Spartanburg, South Carolina	54.4	$7,526	$35,503	$162,659	$36,216	49.7	$5,380	$32,870	$117,571	$33,381	4.68
22	Northport, Alabama	45.0	$7,308	$47,930	$135,345	$48,414	40.3	$11,632	$50,395	$128,354	$50,617	4.68
23	Dana Point, California	51.3	$19,521	$91,643	$366,963	$91,751	46.6	$19,693	$82,738	$289,429	$81,584	4.67
24	Bethel Park, Pennsylvania	42.5	$17,188	$66,316	$190,411	$66,427	37.9	$19,963	$70,737	$174,450	$71,229	4.6
25	Charleston, Illinois	57.6	$3,675	$23,811	$134,131	$23,381	53.1	$5,807	$26,960	$127,896	$26,521	4.54
26	Parkland, Florida	43.9	$30,296	$117,590	$364,832	$116,726	39.6	$37,604	$125,865	$344,270	$126,105	4.34
27	Wake Forest, North Carolina	42.4	$19,340	$68,003	$207,257	$66,228	38.2	$19,271	$80,102	$193,760	$78,791	4.21
28	Columbus, Indiana	46.9	$12,964	$54,439	$188,779	$53,347	42.7	$13,984	$54,785	$161,626	$54,877	4.19
29	Lake Forest, Illinois	56.6	$36,063	$175,360	$953,476	$169,278	52.4	$27,948	$159,681	$686,283	$152,415	4.17
30	Ferguson, Missouri	46.0	$9,459	$40,325	$132,633	$40,737	41.8	$7,439	$39,074	$101,810	$39,377	4.16
31	Fredericksburg, Virginia	52.4	$12,030	$49,027	$213,400	$48,208	48.3	$10,250	$48,869	$178,601	$47,945	4.11
32	Rocky Mount, North Carolina	48.3	$6,866	$40,607	$142,041	$40,454	44.2	$8,931	$36,086	$113,190	$36,308	4.08
32	Sumter, South Carolina	52.5	$8,707	$33,650	$156,287	$33,114	48.4	$7,650	$38,644	$141,415	$38,825	4.08
34	Bessemer, Alabama	50.6	$7,133	$31,578	$130,098	$31,582	46.6	$5,398	$28,838	$96,060	$28,991	4.01
35	Ponca City, Oklahoma	47.4	$10,696	$42,708	$149,976	$42,568	43.4	$10,792	$40,011	$124,122	$40,059	3.98
36	Bartlesville, Oklahoma	49.0	$11,274	$46,860	$175,373	$46,874	45.1	$11,581	$48,465	$157,570	$47,928	3.91
37	Cornelius, North Carolina	48.4	$25,681	$87,450	$351,005	$85,970	44.6	$20,920	$75,984	$248,865	$76,959	3.84
38	Odessa, Texas	46.9	$11,033	$47,554	$162,088	$47,102	43.1	$13,968	$54,427	$164,470	$54,009	3.82
39	Eureka, California	46.3	$8,027	$35,155	$123,505	$34,962	42.5	$9,870	$37,808	$113,453	$37,683	3.76
40	Williamsport, Pennsylvania	48.2	$6,562	$30,540	$111,285	$30,245	44.5	$7,697	$34,839	$106,912	$35,096	3.71
41	Lake Havasu City, Arizona	45.2	$13,913	$46,714	$162,078	$45,969	41.5	$11,559	$42,065	$123,231	$41,533	3.68
42	Watertown, New York	45.8	$8,641	$37,168	$121,474	$37,099	42.1	$9,453	$38,874	$108,903	$38,736	3.67
43	Edinburg, Texas	49.0	$5,177	$34,759	$121,509	$33,429	45.3	$8,193	$43,602	$131,233	$44,066	3.66
44	Salisbury, North Carolina	50.6	$8,619	$42,016	$163,898	$41,880	47.0	$8,113	$34,737	$120,413	$35,036	3.64
45	New Bern, North Carolina	49.0	$7,350	$37,341	$133,262	$36,624	45.4	$7,390	$42,551	$125,555	$42,691	3.63
46	Villa Park, Illinois	39.6	$18,092	$72,031	$186,927	$72,347	36.1	$18,461	$72,735	$159,942	$72,831	3.52
46	Corsicana, Texas	48.1	$7,945	$35,009	$125,578	$35,217	44.6	$8,766	$35,636	$114,720	$36,022	3.52
48	Crown Point, Indiana	43.4	$18,073	$62,285	$193,186	$60,465	39.9	$16,127	$61,219	$161,425	$61,574	3.46
48	Big Spring, Texas	46.1	$7,694	$33,527	$114,075	$32,641	42.6	$10,230	$44,584	$130,506	$43,993	3.46
50	Marion, Iowa	41.9	$17,024	$59,096	$171,192	$59,815	38.4	$16,124	$64,859	$155,497	$64,582	3.46

metodikk

For å finne stedene hvor landets inntekter er mest og minst likeverdige, rangordnet vi byer med Gini-indeksen fra US Census Bureau's 2013 American Community Survey.

For å finne byer der inntektsveksten økte, så vi på den absolutte endringen i Gini-indeksen fra 2007 til 2013.

Lehi, Utah, bilde via iStock.